Electro-magnet



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. D. AYRBS.

ELECTRO MAGNET.

No. 469,672. Patented Mar. 1, 1892.

l f f we oms paens ao., Puo? ccccccccccccc lss-Yon, n. c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. D. AYRES.

ELBGTRO MAGNET.

No. 469,672. Patented Mar. 1. 1892.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. D. AYRES.

ELECTRO MAGNET.

N0.469,672. Patented Mar. 1, 1892.

cUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDRUS D. AYRES, OF KALAMAZOO, llllClllGAN.

ELECTRO-MAGNET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,672, dated March 1, 1892.

Application filed May ZS, 1891. Serial No. 393.843. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it. known that L'ANDRUS D. AYRES, a citizen ot' the United States, residing at the city ot Kalamazoo, in the county of Kalamazoo and State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Electro-Magnets, of which the following is a speciiication.

The object of my invention is to secure a long pull from electro-magnets. I attain this end by means of the arrangement and combination of a series of iron-clad or paramagnet-ically-incased electro-magnets, consisting of separate and independent magnets having movable incascments or cores, said incasements or cores being the armatures, and so arranged and construct-ed that the current will pass from one magnet or coil to the others consecutively, energizing one after another, thereby causing the armatures to move, each coil drawing the armatures a predetermined distance, thereby forming a complete or nearly complete magnetic circuit between the armature and magnet, at which instant the current changes into another coil where the armature of the coil to which the current changes is in an operative position, causing the armature to travel a certain other predetermined distance, and so on to the end ofthe series, thence by proper commutation back again, if desired. By this means the armatures are caused to move any desired distance, said distance being regulated by the construction an'd arrangement of the magnets and armatures. It is not in all arrangements necessary that it should be the magnet or coil iinmediately next following to which the current changes or that but one magnet or coil should be energized at a time, for the construction can be such that it will change to any desired coil in the series or so built that any desired number of magnets or coils will be simultaneously excited. In this construction of the magnets it is highly important that the cores or incasements (whichever are4 constructed to move) should be arranged in such a position relative to each other and to the magnets that when one coil shall have performed its function the case or core and the coil or coils next energized will bear to each other such a relation that the same action will take place as in the ones preceding it-that is, the configuration of the two must be such that as members ot a magnetic circuit they will be susceptible of a changein form. The construction can be best facili tated by employingseparate ineasements and distinct spools with coils thereon or separate cores and incaseinents with coils therein, incasements or cores being magnetically separated, but bound together, as shown in the various drawings, wherein similar letters rcfer to like parts throughout the several iigures. The coils, however, can be wound on one core, as shown.

Figure lis a longitudinal section ot the device, showing the circuits taken on the line l l of-Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the device. Fig. 3 is an end view. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the incasing armatures as removed from the core. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modification wherein the hehces are shown as wound in the covering and the cores are represented as moving. Fig. 6 is another modification wherein instead of separate spools or cores one core is employed with the several coils wound thereon, the core with the coils moving and the covering stationary. Fig. 7 is an end view of the movable casings A. Fig. 8 is an elevation view of an enlarged detail, showing the commutator. Fig. 9 is a plan view ot an enlarged detail, showing the contact between the brush and the commutator.

A4, A2, A3, and AL1 represent incasing armatures; A, a thin brass tube to which the cases are lirmly attached.

B represents a soft-iron core.

B represents a section of brass, which separates the cores, plungers, and magnet-spools.

B', B2, B3, and B4 represent sott-iron spools on which coils are wound and which are firmly bound together by the rod G.

C is a piece of ebonite; D, an adjustable ebonite plate; E, a com mutating-brush; E', a platinum point on the brush; F, a commutator.

F represents two guide-springs.

c., a, a2, a3, at, and a5 represent different sections of the commutator F.

I represents the source of electricity.

ZJ, Z2', h2, ZJ?, b4, h5, and h6 represent circuitwires.

My device operates as follows, particular IOO reference being had to Fig. l: In this figure the cases are represented in such a position that a magnetic circuit is completed between the case A4 and the core or spool B4. In this position the brush E has dropped to the guidespring F', the brush so adjusted that it seeks an equilibrium and will spring to F from a3. Now, should a circuit be made through the battery I, the current will follow b through E to a2, spring F and b to the helix around B3, thence by b and b2 t-o I, completing the circuit. This energizes B3, which draws A2 toward the left end, moving the brass tube and all the incasements till the magnetic circuit between A3 and B3 is nearly completed, at which instant the brush E passes to a, another section of the commutator, and the case A2 will have reached, with reference to the core B2, an operative position. The current will then, passing from the brush E, complete the circuit through ct b4, helix ot' B2, b4, and b2 to battery I, energizing B2 and nearly closing the magnetic circuitbetween'B2 and A2, at which instant E will have passed to a and A will have reached an operative position with reference to B', when the current, again passing from E, will complete the circuit through a b2, helix of B b3 to battery I,energizing the lcore B and drawing A till the magnetic circuit between B and A will have been nearly or quite completed, at which instant E will spring to F', A2, being in an operative position with reference to B2, completing the circuit through 65, helix of B2, b4,and b2,or through t5 b5, helix of B2, b4, and b2, energizing B2 and drawing A2 to the right till it shall have nearly completed a magnetic circuit, at which instant E will have passed to a4 and A3, being brought by such action to an operative position with reference to B3, the circuit being completed through a4, the dotted line b', the helix of B2, b', and b2. This energizes B2 and draws As to the right till a magnetic circuit shall have been nearly completed between B2 and A3, at which instant E will pass to the next section a3 of the commutator and A4 will have been brought to an operative position with referinstead of the casings move, the casings carrying the wire and the cores left unwound, the same commutation takes place and the same circuits are energized. The same action takes place in Fig. 6 and the same circuits will be energized; but the incasements and spring E will be stationary and the core B, wire, and commutator moving.

It will be seen that that section-ot the com,- mutator marked a5 is connected by b5 wlth F and that the other section marked d2 is conarmature, becoming inductively magnetized,

being a part of the magnetic circuit, will have a greater affinity for that pole ot' the magnet which is uncovered by the armature and tend to close the gap between them, or, in other words, that the contiguration of the two is such that, both being magnets, the proximity of their opposite poles will permit the attraction between them to bring them together until they form a complete or nearly a complete magnetic circuit.

While I havein this application described a particular form ot' commutator and a'certain shape of apparatus, it must be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited to that particular means of supplying current and is applicable to any shape where several armatures can be fastened together magnetically separated and each made to'form parts of a complete or nearly complete magnetic circuit, so as practically to produce a longpull magnet.

The subject-matter of Fig. 5 is not claimed herein, as it is made the subject of another application now pending and serially numbered 405,767.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of a plurality of electro-magnets provided with a plurality of .paramagnetic incasements magnetically separated and bound together, each incasement arranged as an armature for particular magnets and provided with asuitable commutator, whereby the various magnets are successively inagnetized and the united armatures made to partake ot' the action of the series.

2. The combination of a series ot' paramagnetically-incased coils bound together, and a series of paramagnetic armatures magnetically separated and bound together, and a suitable commutator, whereby the successive energizing of the coils produces a prolonged movement of the magnets and armatures.

ANDRUS D. AYRES.-

Witnesses:

JOHN C. GooDALE, GEORGE I. GooDENoW.

IOO

IIO

IIS 

